Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics
The Khabarovsk Innovation Analytical Center (KhAC)
provides:
*A
high-precision element and component analysis of the following:
ü rocks, ores, minerals, metals and alloys;
ü
building materials;
ü water, soil, and biological objects;
ü medical preparations;
ü foodstuffs and consumer goods.
Different kinds of analyses
are used according to the particularity of the object and goals:
ü
Element analysis
ü
Isotope analysis
ü
Radionuclide analysis
ü
Structure analysis
ü
Chromatographic
analysis
*Standard methods are improved and new
methods of analysis of raw materials, products and natural targets are
developed.
*Scientific
research is conducted in the field of geology and ecology.
2003
The
Analysis
of element and isotope composition:
Kinds of analysis: X-ray fluorescent, atomic
absorptive, chemical spectral, β-γ-spectrometric, flame photometry,
mass-spectrometric.
Instrumentation: KFK-2 photocolorimeter
(
Chromatographic
analysis
Kinds of analysis: gas, volatile and organic compound
chromatography.
Instrumentation: chromatographs M 3700, LKHM 8 MD,
BIOKHROM, 530 (
Structural
analysis
Kinds of analysis: optical and electron microscopy,
IR, UV-, and NIS-spectroscopy.
Instrumentation: Specord-80 IR and IR-75 IR-spectrometers (Germany), SF-46 spectrophotometer (Russia), ÍÐ-8452À (USA), HITACHI scanning electron microscope
(Japan), BS-613 transmission electron microscope (Czechoslovakia), Carl Zeiss and POLAM optical microscopes.
Sample
pretreatment
Procedures: sawing, crushing, rock material
grinding, thin and polished section preparation.
To conduct special
analytical investigations, the KhAC works in close
contact with the following laboratories of the
The
1.
Rocks, ores,
minerals, metals, and alloys
Atomic absorptive spectrometry in
combination with electrothermal atomization is used to determine the contents
of Fe, Mn, Co,
Ni, Cu, Ag, Zn, Pb,
Li, In, Bi, Sb, As, Cr, and other elements in
rocks, minerals and ores with sensitivity of up to 10-6 - 10-8mass.%.
This method is intended for determination of the principal components and admixtures of different ore minerals (magnetite,
ilmenite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, arsenopyrite, galenite, sphalerite, sheelite, wolframite, and
minerals of more complex composition) in rocks and synthetic materials.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 2g, material ground to 200 meshes.
ICP-analysis has a high sensitivity (up to 10-11 g/l) at
definition of all elements except for C, N, O, H, He, S, Cl, F and Ar in any matrix.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 0.5g, material ground to 200 meshes.
Isotope ratio investigations by ICP-MS techniques have sensitivity better
than 0.1 ppm and a precision to 0.02%.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 0.5g, material ground to 200 meshes.
X-ray fluorescent analysis determines qualitative elemental composition (Ca20 to U92) of rocks, ores, minerals, alloys, and pure metals.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 1g, metal platelets 10x10mm, 1mm
thick, material is ground to 200 meshes for rock determination.
Silicate analysis of rocks and nonmetallic minerals is
carried out as part of chemical analysis determining the contents of SiO2, ÒiO2, Àl2Î3, Få2O3, FeO, MnO, MgO, CaO, Na2O, Ê2Î, Stotal, P2O5,
H2O+, CO2, Í2Î-, etc. Additionally, determination of F, Cr
and Ni with sensitivity of up to 10-2
mass % is possible.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 10g, material ground to 200 meshes.
The method of gas-liquid chromatography is used for contents determination
of oil, bitumen and other organic
compound components in rocks with a threshold of delectability of < 1ng in the volume.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 5g, material ground to 200 meshes.
Petromagnetic investigations make it possible:
·
to study magnetic
characteristics of rocks aiming at geological stratification and solving
various tectonic problems. Sample specifications: rock sample measuring ³ 2x2x2cm (for paleomagnetic
investigations – oriented);
·
to determine the contents of ferromagnetic microadmixtures in rocks,
ores, sinter, dumps, ground and soil with sensitivity up to 10-3 %
for assessment of correlative characteristics of ore potential and for increase
in recovery of useful components. Sample
specifications: solid or loose
sample weighing ³0.1g;
·
to make petromagnetic
expertise of man-made and man-caused pollution of ground and soil.
·
to make an assessment
of properties and reliability of ferrite carriers of composite materials
with the predetermined manufacturing technology. Sample specifications:
unregulated.
The study of fluid and melt inclusions in minerals allows making
independent estimations of the
temperature and pressure at which minerals and rocks form, and also
determination of composition and state
of the crystallization medium. Two basic PT geochemical methods, thermometry
and cryometry, are employed in the KhAC.
·
Thermometric investigations are intended for measuring
homogenization temperatures of fluid and melt inclusions ³ 5μm in size in a temperature range of 50
to 1200°C with accuracy of 3-5°C for fluid inclusions, and 10-15°C for melt inclusions.
·
Cryometric study of inclusions ³ 3μm in size ranging between +40 and -190°C with accuracy +/-0.5°C allows us to define the
composition and state of the mineral-forming fluid and to assess crystallization
pressure. Sample specifications:
rock and mineral sections polished on both sides, 0.5mm thick.
Electron microscopic investigations carried out in a scanning and
transmission regimes with magnification by 100,000 times make it possible to
specify the structural features of
rocks, ores, minerals, metals, and alloys.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
Optical
microscopic investigations
in the transmission and reflection mode with application of polarized and
ultra-violet light with magnification up to 1200 times
are undertaken for petrographic study of rocks and ores, and for definition
of structural parameters of metals
and alloys.
Sample specifications: petrographic thin sections and polished
sections.
Photometric
determination of coal reflectance (Ro) for estimation of their quality.
Photographing of petrological
and other micropreparations involves the use of
optical microscopy and a digital method implying JPEG recording.
2. Building materials
β-γ-
spectrometric analysis
is used for defining pollution of any building materials (sand, crushed stone, cement, brick, concrete, timber, finishing
materials, etc.) by natural (K40,
Th232, Ra226) and man-caused (Cs137, Sr90) radionuclide.
Minimal measurable activity:
on β-tract - Sr90 0,7 Bk
on γ-tract - Cs137 3 Bk; K40 40 Bk;
Th232 7 Bk; Ra226
8 Bk.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
ICP-analysis has a high sensitivity (up to 10-11 g/l) at
definition of all elements except for C, N, O, H, He, S, Cl, F and Ar in any building
materials.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 0.5g, material ground to 200 meshes.
3. Water, soil and biological object analysis
Water
The methods of gas and liquid chromatography determine the contents of volatile and
heavy organic admixtures, oil products, and natural gasses in water. The method of chemical analysis in water and bioobjects
determines macroelement content. Microelement concentration can be defined by the method of atomic absorptive spectrometry with sensitivity of up
to 10-9 g/l.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
ICP-analysis has a high sensitivity (up to 10-11
g/l) at definition of all elements except for C, N, O, H, He, S, Cl, F and Ar in water without any
preparation.
Sample specifications: 50-100 ml of water.
Soil
β-γ spectrometric analysis is employed to define soil and bioobject pollution
by natural (K40, Th232,
Ra226) and man-caused (Cs137,
Sr90) radionuclids.
Minimal measurable activity:
on β-tract - Sr90 0,7 Bk
on γ-tract - Cs137 3 Bk; K40 40 Bk;
Th232 7 Bk; Ra226
8 Bk.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
ICP-analysis has a high sensitivity (up to 10-11
g/l) at definition of all elements except for C, N, O, H, He, S, Cl, F and Ar in soils.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 0.5g, material ground to 200 meshes.
X-ray fluorescent analysis determines chemical elements i soil and bioobjects, from calcium to transuranium,
in quantities of 10-4 to 100 mass %.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 1g, material ground to 200 meshes.
Chemical analysis determines soil acidity, and also macrocomponent content of soil.
The method of atomic absorptive spectrometry is used to determine microcomponent
concentration in soils, and the degree of their heavy and toxic metal pollution with sensitivity of up to 10-6
g/l.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 2g, material ground to 200 meshes.
Biological objects
ICP-analysis has a high sensitivity (up to 10-11 g/l) at
definition of all elements except for C, N, O, H, He, S, Cl, F and Ar in any biological
objects.
Sample specifications: ³ 0.5g of hard material, ³ 50 ml of water solution.
The method of atomic absorptive spectrometry is used to determine microcomponent
concentration in blood and other biological objects with sensitivity of up to
10-6 g/l.
Sample specifications: weight ³ 2g, material ground to 200 meshes.
Electron microscopic investigations in a scanning and
transmission regimes with magnification by 100,000 times permit us to specify
the morphological properties of
tissues, blood components and other biopreparations.
Sample specifications: they must be prepared in accordance with specific methods.
4. Medical preparations
ICP-analysis and the method of atomic absorptive spectrometry is employed to define composition of medicines and they are also intended for medical
products verification.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
5. Foodstuffs and beverages, consumer goods*
The method of gas-liquid chromatography is used to determine concentrations
of methanol, fusel oils, ester,
preservatives, food supplements, toxins, pesticides, volatile amines, phenols,
and other organic admixtures in alcoholic drinks, spirits and foodstuffs.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
Atomic absorptive analysis helps to determine the
contents of the following toxic elements in foodstuffs: copper, lead, cadmium, zinc, mercury, arsenic, iron, tin, chrome,
nickel, etc.; and nitrates, in
vegetables, with sensitivity of up to 10-9 g/l.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
The method of β – γ spectrometric analysis is used to check radiation pollution of foodstuffs and consumer goods by natural (K40, Th232, Ra226)
and man-caused (Cs137, Sr90)
radionuclids.
Minimal measurable activity:
on β-tract - Sr90 0,7 Bk;
on γ-tract - Cs137 3 Bk; K40 40 Bk;
Th232 7 Bk; Ra226
8 Bk.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
The KhAC
carries out complex analysis of consumer
goods (metal, glass and plastic dishware, detergents, polyethylene film,
etc.) for normality and product safety.
Sample specifications: unregulated.
*Analyses are made by
orders of the Far East Chamber of Commerce and Industry.
Address: 65,
Director Nikolay V. Berdnikov, Doctor of Geology
Tel.: (4212)
70-30-20
Fax: (4212)
22-76-84, 22-71-89
E-mail: nick@itig.as.khb.ru)
Chief of analyses,
Yuri A. Mikhalev
Tel.: (4212)
22-77-32, 70-36-36)
Scientific adviser,
Leonid F. Mishin, Doctor of Geology
Marketing adviser, Valery I. Sinyukov, Doctor of Geology